Plataformas digitais de entrega de alimentação: condições de trabalho e riscos para a saúde / Digital food delivery platforms: working conditions and health risks

Resumo O isolamento social provocado pela pandemia do covid-19 acelerou um processo que já estava em curso: a plataformização da economia. Uma das aplicações presentes nesse processo foi a distribuição de comida por motoboys, ocasionando uma transformação radical das condições de trabalho, que necessita ser investigada. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi discutir essas condições e os riscos que representam para a saúde do trabalhador. 14 entregadores de alimentos foram entrevistados, suas falas foram gravadas e transcritas para análise temática, obtendo dois principais resultados: a precarização das condições de trabalho e a vulneração da saúde. A plataforma promete independência e autonomia quanto ao trabalho, mas, ao mesmo tempo, cria insegurança, não garantindo nenhuma proteção trabalhista nem subsistência financeira estável, por não assegurar os meios para o trabalho. Por outro lado, essa precarização do trabalho produz riscos para a saúde. Essa situação demanda uma discussão sobre o amparo legal dos direitos e a proteção da saúde desses trabalhadores.

Abstract The social distancing brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic sped up a process that was already underway: the emergence of the platform economy. One of the applications present in this process was for the delivery of food by motorbike couriers, causing a radical transformation of working conditions that requires investigation. The objective of this study was to discuss those conditions and the risks that they pose to the health of workers. A group of 14 food delivery couriers were interviewed and their statements were recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis, resulting in two main findings: precarious employment conditions and health vulnerabilities. The platform promises independence and autonomy regarding work, but at the same time creates insecurity, failing to ensure work protection or financial stability, as it does not guarantee working conditions. On the other hand, such precarious work generates health risks. This situation requires a discussion on the legal protection of the labor rights and health protection of these workers.

Variables Which Influence the Early State Adoption of Pro-LGBT Legislation.

State-level legislation was instrumental in achieving marriage equality and is similarly crucial in establishing protection from discrimination for LGBT employees. States that were early legalizers of same-gender marriage shared geographic, political, and demographic variables. An analysis of the characteristics of states that are early adopters of legislation prohibiting LGBT employment discrimination lacks in the literature. This study analyzed variables significant to the early state adoption of legislation prohibiting discrimination against LGBT employees using multinomial logistic regression. A state's region, the size of its urban population, college graduates, and the percentage of same-gender families were among nine variables significant to state adoption of anti-discrimination statutes protecting LGBT employees. Efforts to secure protection from discrimination for LGBT employees should focus on fair working conditions for all as opposed to specific rights based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Further, different LGBT rights issues may warrant different strategies for public support.

Dia mundial em memória das vítimas de acidentes de trabalho

LIve especial para falar sobre o Dia mundial em memória das vítimas de acidentes de trabalho, com a participação do conselheiros nacionais de saúde Geordeci Souza e Ruth Cavalcanti Guilherme. a partir das 15h. Participe!

Quotas, and Anti-discrimination Policies Relating to Autism in the EU: Scoping Review and Policy Mapping in Germany, France, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Slovakia, Poland, and Romania.

The low employment rates of persons with Autism Spectrum Conditions in the European Union (EU) are partly due to discrimination. Member States have taken different approaches to increase the employment rate in the recent decades, including quota and anti-discrimination legislation, however, the implications for people with autism are unknown. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the history of these employment policies, from seven EU Member States (Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom [prior to exit], Slovakia, Poland, and Romania), exploring the interdependence on international and EU policies, using a path dependency analysis. The results indicate that internationally a shift in focus has taken place in the direction of anti-discrimination law, though employment quotas remained in place in six out of the seven Member States as a means to address employment of people with disability in combination with the new anti-discrimination laws. LAY SUMMARY: Discrimination is partially responsible for the low employment of people with autism. Several approaches have been taken in recent years, such as anti-discrimination laws and setting a mandatory number of people with disabilities that need to be employed. This study finds that, internationally and in the European Union, the focus was initially on the use of quotas and gradually moved to anti-discrimination, with both being used simultaneously. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1397-1417. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The patient with epilepsy and medicolegal aspects: a view for the neurologist.

Patients with epilepsy face innumerable obstacles in daily life, related to work, permission to drive and interpersonal relationships, which require medical guidance. This paper reports a literature review based on scientific articles and civil and traffic system, as a way to resolve doubts about medical obligations in the patient's permission to drive and work. An employment agreement requires the contractor to guarantee safety conditions as well as requiring the patient, at the pre-employment medical examination, to let the physician know previous medical conditions, including epilepsy. More than 90% of patients with epilepsy omit this information during the application assessment, thus being subject to imputation of ideological falsehood crime as disposied on article 299 of Brazilian Penal Code. Medical confidentiality breaches may only occur in specific situations. In Brazil, the authorization and driver's license renewal is governed by the Brazilian Traffic Code (Federal Law n° 9503/1997). For patient evaluations, two groups are considered: those on antiepileptic medication and those on medication withdrawal. A favorable report from the attending physician is also required, in both categories. Seizures that occur exclusively during sleep, and focal aware events or prolonged aura are not differentiated from other seizure types disposed in the traffic law. It is the responsibility of the attending physician to analyze each patient individually to resolve conflicts between public safety and the individual patient's independence. A frank and honest doctor-patient relationship is essential for the patient to understand the public and individual consequences of epileptic seizures and to feel comfortable seeking medical help.

The patient with epilepsy and medicolegal aspects: a view for the neurologist / O paciente com epilepsia e aspectos legais em saúde: uma visão para o Neurologista

ABSTRACT Patients with epilepsy face innumerable obstacles in daily life, related to work, permission to drive and interpersonal relationships, which require medical guidance. This paper reports a literature review based on scientific articles and civil and traffic system, as a way to resolve doubts about medical obligations in the patient's permission to drive and work. An employment agreement requires the contractor to guarantee safety conditions as well as requiring the patient, at the pre-employment medical examination, to let the physician know previous medical conditions, including epilepsy. More than 90% of patients with epilepsy omit this information during the application assessment, thus being subject to imputation of ideological falsehood crime as disposied on article 299 of Brazilian Penal Code. Medical confidentiality breaches may only occur in specific situations. In Brazil, the authorization and driver's license renewal is governed by the Brazilian Traffic Code (Federal Law n° 9503/1997). For patient evaluations, two groups are considered: those on antiepileptic medication and those on medication withdrawal. A favorable report from the attending physician is also required, in both categories. Seizures that occur exclusively during sleep, and focal aware events or prolonged aura are not differentiated from other seizure types disposed in the traffic law. It is the responsibility of the attending physician to analyze each patient individually to resolve conflicts between public safety and the individual patient's independence. A frank and honest doctor-patient relationship is essential for the patient to understand the public and individual consequences of epileptic seizures and to feel comfortable seeking medical help.

RESUMO O paciente com epilepsia enfrenta inúmeros impasses na vida diária, relacionados à autorização para dirigir e relações interpessoais, os quais requerem orientação médica. Este artigo apresenta revisão bibliográfica baseada em artigos científicos e nas legislações cível e de trânsito brasileiras, como forma de solucionar dúvidas que envolvam obrigações médicas na permissão do paciente para dirigir e trabalhar. A admissão do trabalhador exige que o contratante garanta condições de segurança, além da necessidade do paciente, no exame de admissão, informar ao médico as condições médicas prévias, inclusive a epilepsia. Mais de 90% dos pacientes com epilepsia omitem essas informações na avaliação de aptidão, podendo consequentemente, estarem sujeitos à imputação de crime de falsidade ideológica (artigo 299 do Código Penal brasileiro). A violação do sigilo médico pode ocorrer apenas em situações específicas. No Brasil, a autorização e a renovação da carteira de habilitação são regidas pelo Código de Trânsito (Lei Federal n° 9503/1997). Para avaliação dos pacientes, dois grupos são considerados: aqueles em uso de medicação antiepiléptica e aqueles em retirada de medicação. É também necessária a opinião favorável do médico assistente, em ambas as categorias. As convulsões que ocorrem exclusivamente durante o sono, eventos focais perceptivos ou com aura prolongada não são diferenciadas de outros tipos de crises no Código de Trânsito Brasileiro. É responsabilidade do médico assistente analisar cada caso para resolver conflitos entre segurança pública e independência do paciente. Um relacionamento médico-paciente franco e honesto é essencial para que o paciente entenda as consequências individuais e coletivas das crises epilépticas e se sinta à vontade para procurar ajuda médica.